The question of whether democracy has failed Nigerians is often debated, especially during periods of economic hardship, insecurity, and political dissatisfaction. However, a more precise question may be whether democracy itself has failed, or whether those entrusted with implementing it have failed the system. Democracy, as a system, is built on principles of participation, accountability, rule of law, and protection of fundamental rights. In Nigeria, these structures exist: elections are held regularly, citizens have the right to vote, and there is a functioning constitutional framework. On paper, democracy is in place. The challenge, however, lies in how effectively these principles are applied. Many Nigerians experience governance gaps in critical areas such as infrastructure, healthcare, education, employment, and security. When democratic outcomes do not translate into improved living conditions, frustration naturally grows among citizens. This leads to an important distinction. Democracy does not automatically guarantee development; it provides a framework through which development can be pursued. The effectiveness of that framework depends largely on leadership quality, institutional strength, and accountability systems. Where leaders fail to prioritise public welfare, misuse resources, or weaken institutions, democracy appears ineffective. Yet the system itself remains intact. In such cases, it is not democracy that has failed, but the actors within it. At the same time, citizens also play a role in shaping outcomes. Low civic engagement, tolerance for corruption, vote-buying, and weak demand for accountability can also limit the effectiveness of democratic governance. As Nigeria reflects on its democratic journey, the focus should shift from blaming the system to strengthening its practice. The real challenge is not whether democracy works, but whether it is being properly implemented and defended by both leaders and citizens. Ultimately, democracy is only as effective as the people who participate in and manage it. When leadership improves and institutions are strengthened, democracy delivers on its promise.
