Starts in tropical highlands (East Africa) and flows through arid and semi-arid regions.
Fed by seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia and equatorial rains in Uganda.
The river’s gradient is gentle—this allows it to flow thousands of kilometers.
Blue Nile causes the annual flood (July–September).
White Nile maintains flow during dry months.
Before the Aswan High Dam, these floods dictated the Egyptian agricultural calendar.
Massive hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile, completed by Ethiopia.
Egypt fears it will reduce downstream flow, especially during droughts.
Sudan has mixed feelings—benefits from power but fears uncontrolled flooding.
1929 & 1959 Agreements: Gave Egypt and Sudan the lion’s share of Nile water.
Nile Basin Initiative (NBI): Founded in 1999 by all riparian countries (except Eritrea) to promote equitable use.
Ongoing debates about how water should be shared among the 11 Nile Basin countries.
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34 days agoHYDROLOGY – SCIENCE OF THE NILE
🌀 How Does It Flow So Far?
Starts in tropical highlands (East Africa) and flows through arid and semi-arid regions.
Fed by seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia and equatorial rains in Uganda.
The river’s gradient is gentle—this allows it to flow thousands of kilometers.
💧 Seasonal Variation
Blue Nile causes the annual flood (July–September).
White Nile maintains flow during dry months.
Before the Aswan High Dam, these floods dictated the Egyptian agricultural calendar.
⚖️ MODERN POLITICS & DISPUTES
🔥 Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
Massive hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile, completed by Ethiopia.
Egypt fears it will reduce downstream flow, especially during droughts.
Sudan has mixed feelings—benefits from power but fears uncontrolled flooding.
📝 Water Rights Tensions
1929 & 1959 Agreements: Gave Egypt and Sudan the lion’s share of Nile water.
Nile Basin Initiative (NBI): Founded in 1999 by all riparian countries (except Eritrea) to promote equitable use.
Ongoing debates about how water should be shared among the 11 Nile Basin countries.